Independent media

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Independent media refers to any media, such as television, newspapers, or Internet-based publications, that is free of influence by government or corporate interests. The term has varied applications.

Independence stands as a cornerstone principle within media policy and the freedom of the press, representing an "essentially contested concept". The concept is often used to denote, declare, or claim independence from state-control, market forces, or conventions. And, media organisations and individuals assert their legitimacy and credibility through it.^[1]

In various discussions, such as those regarding the role of media within authoritarian societies or the relevance of European public service broadcasters or the "alternative press", the concept of independence is interpreted diversely.^[1] In international development, the term independent media is used for the development of new media outlets, particularly in areas where there is little to no existing media presence.

Additionally, digital transformations tend to compromise the press as a common good (with a blurring of the difference between journalism and advertising) by the technological, political and social dynamics that it brings.^[2] For this reason other norms, such as transparency and participation, may be condidered to be more relevant.^[3][4]

Research has found that independent media plays an important role in improving government accountability and reducing corruption.^{[5][6][7][8][9][10]}